Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. It can range from mild, requiring minimal intervention, to severe cases that may necessitate surgery. While some children experience no symptoms, others may develop pain, difficulty breathing, or posture-related concerns.
Types of Childhood Scoliosis
- Idiopathic Scoliosis – The most common type, with no clear cause. It is often detected in adolescents but can develop in younger children.
- Congenital Scoliosis – Caused by vertebral malformations present at birth, leading to spinal curvature.
- Neuromuscular Scoliosis – Occurs due to underlying neurological conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.
- Early-Onset Scoliosis (EOS) – Diagnosed before age 10, this form can progress rapidly, affecting lung development.
Non-Surgical Approaches to Treat Scoliosis
Before considering surgery, non-surgical treatments are often recommended:
- Observation & Monitoring: Mild cases (curves under 25 degrees) are regularly monitored through X-rays.
- Bracing: Used for moderate cases (curves between 25-40 degrees) to slow progression in growing children.
- Physical Therapy & Exercise: Helps in improving posture, strength, and spinal stability.
While these methods can be effective, they do not reverse scoliosis. If the curvature worsens despite treatment, surgery may be required.
When Should Surgery Be Considered?
1. Severity of the Curve
Surgery is typically recommended when the spinal curvature reaches 40-50 degrees or more in a growing child. Beyond this threshold, scoliosis can continue to progress, leading to increased deformity and complications.
2. Rapid Curve Progression
If a child's scoliosis is progressing rapidly despite bracing, early surgical intervention may be necessary to prevent worsening deformity.
3. Compromised Lung or Heart Function
Severe spinal curvature can affect thoracic cavity space, leading to breathing difficulties and cardiovascular issues. Surgery may be necessary to prevent life-threatening complications.
4. Chronic Pain & Reduced Mobility
While mild scoliosis rarely causes pain, severe cases can result in chronic back pain and limit physical activities. Surgery may be the best option for long-term relief.
5. Cosmetic & Psychological Impact
In some cases, scoliosis can lead to noticeable spinal deformities, affecting a child's self-esteem and quality of life. When non-surgical treatments are ineffective, surgery can provide significant improvement.
Types of Scoliosis Surgery
1. Spinal Fusion
- The most common scoliosis surgery, where vertebrae are fused together using bone grafts, rods, and screws.
- Best suited for: Adolescents with severe curves.
- Recovery: Several months, with restricted movement initially.
2. Growing Rods
- Used for children still growing, these rods can be adjusted periodically to accommodate spinal growth.
- Best suited for: Early-onset scoliosis.
- Recovery: Regular follow-ups for adjustments.
3. Vertebral Body Tethering (VBT)
- A less invasive option that uses flexible cords instead of rigid rods.
- Best suited for: Children with moderate, progressive scoliosis.
- Recovery: Faster than spinal fusion, with more spinal flexibility retained.
4. Magnetic Expansion Control (MAGEC) Rods
- A modern alternative to traditional growing rods, adjusted magnetically without surgery.
- Best suited for: Young children requiring spinal growth adjustments.
- Recovery: Reduced need for repeated surgeries.
Risks & Considerations of Scoliosis Surgery
While surgery can be life-changing, it is important to consider potential risks:
- Infection & Bleeding – A possible risk in any major surgery.
- Nerve Damage – Though rare, it can impact movement or sensation.
- Spinal Stiffness – Especially with fusion surgery, which limits flexibility.
- Need for Additional Surgery – Some cases require revision surgery.
Discussing these risks with a pediatric spine specialist is crucial before making a decision.
Recovery & Post-Surgical Care
- Hospital Stay: Typically 3-7 days, depending on the procedure.
- Physical Therapy: Helps regain mobility and strength.
- Activity Restrictions: Avoiding strenuous activities for several months.
- Full Recovery Timeline: 6 months to a year, with gradual return to normal activities.
Choosing the Right Treatment Approach
Deciding on scoliosis surgery should involve:
- Consultation with Pediatric Spine Experts – Ensuring the best individualized care plan.
- Second Opinions – Evaluating multiple perspectives before making a decision.
- Considering Non-Surgical Options First – Surgery should be a last resort when other treatments fail.
Surgery for childhood scoliosis is a significant decision, reserved for severe and progressive cases. While non-surgical treatments can manage many cases, surgical intervention becomes necessary when scoliosis affects health, mobility, or quality of life. Understanding the different surgical options, risks, and recovery process can help families make an informed choice for their child’s well-being.
If you're considering this treatment, Better by MTA is here to help. Through our exclusive partnership with Mastercard, we connect you to trusted hospitals and doctors worldwide, ensuring price transparency and secure, flexible payment options. Whether you're looking to use a credit card, bank transfer, or explore upcoming patient financing options, we make your medical journey seamless and worry-free.
Get started today and book confidently without hidden fees or financial risks. Click the link below to request a free quote: https://www.better.medicaltourism.com/get-a-quote
